Full lead crystal is made from a mixture of silica (sand), potash and lead oxide. To be considered "full lead crystal," the content of lead oxide must be at least 24 percent. It is this mixture that offers exceptional clarity and prismatic colors.

The various constituents of full lead crystal are melted in clay crucibles, known as "pots," in large furnaces. The materials used to make a crystal-melting furnace must be able to withstand very high temperatures. The lining of the furnace must not contaminate the molten glass in any way, as this would produce small seeds and stones in the final product. The components are heated to at least 2,400 degrees Celsius until molten and red-orange in color. The temperature is then slowly reduced to the "working" temperature.

Color in glass is produced by the presence of metallic oxides. If a clear, colorless crystal is desired, extraordinary precautions must be taken during the mixing and melting processes to assure absolute purity. The slightest trace of foreign matter will result in flaws and discoloration.

Full lead crystal making requires unique manufacturing technologies because the material must be worked while extremely hot and the forming operations must be completed in a very short time. Each piece, created by hand, is worked on by as many as seven craftspeople. This hand process results in a truly unique piece of full lead crystal.